In chronic PPCM in the postpartum period, optimal guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) consists of the four heart failure pillars of disease-modifying drugs, namely renin–angiotensin–aldosterone (RAAS) inhibitors (angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI)/ angiotensin receptor/neprilysin receptor inhibitors (ARNI) and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (MRA)), sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, and beta-blockers (Fig. 3) [15, 61–63, 82]. This evidence concerns the gene SLC5A2 and heart failure.