,38 Furthermore, it has been shown that disruption of bone remodeling pathways, such as the RANKL/OPG system, and signaling pathways, including BMPs, Wnt/β-catenin, and TGF-β, ultimately result in the elevated bone resorption and reduced bone formation seen in osteoporosis.39 The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is osteoporosis.