CFR: case fatality rate, CNS: central nervous system, JE: Japanese encephalitis, IgM: immunoglobulin M, RNA: ribonucleic acid, ELISA: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, JEV: Japanese encephalitis virus, WNV: West Nile virus, HSV: herpes simplex virus, AES: acute encephalitis syndrome. Here, CD40LG is linked to Japanese encephalitis.