Additionally, CD39+ resting Treg cells increase CRC risk through metabolites such as imidazole lactate, glutarylcarnitine (C5-DC), and 1-oleoyl-2-linoleoyl-GPE (18:1/18:2), with mediation proportions of 5.68%, 6.53%, and 7.07%, respectively. This evidence concerns the gene ENTPD1 and colorectal carcinoma.