PTGS2 and cancer: Despite the current progress on COX-2 inhibitors as anticancer agents (23, 28) and the potential effect of these drugs and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in reducing the risk of cancer incidence, progression, recurrence, and promoting higher survival rates in different cancer types (44–53), information on whether this strategy might be beneficial for patients in use of apoptogenic therapies remains inconclusive (54–60).