CCL2 and immune system disorder: The increases in the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1a, IL-8, IL-17A, IL-12p40, TNF-β, MCP-1, IL-2, and IL-12p70 and the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and IL-13 observed in AD patients in our study are consistent with prior evidence of immune dysfunction in AD [31].