DTX4 and hepatitis B virus infection: To better understand the relationship between HBV and DTX4 in vivo, we examined that in a model of HBV-infected human liver chimeric mice (HBV-Huhep-URG) (Figure S4F) and observed that the levels of DTX4 mRNA and protein were significantly higher in the liver of HBV-Huhep-URG mice and biopsy samples of hepatitis B patients with a high HBV load than those in the samples of control groups (Figure 4L-O), supporting that DTX4 is positively associated with HBV in vivo.