These cytokines activate the JAK–STAT3 and PI3K–AKT–mTORC1 pathways via IL6ST.23 Interleukin-6 and IL-11 have been reported to be associated with STAT3 activation in inflammation-related gastrointestinal cancers.24 STAT3 is one of the main pathways that links inflammation to cell proliferation and cancer.25,26 In addition, IL6ST links colon inflammation to colon epithelial regeneration by triggering YAP and Notch signaling pathways.27 This evidence concerns the gene IL6ST and cancer.