TIMM23 and type 1 diabetes mellitus: To validate the presence of mitochondrial dysfunction in mouse models of T1D during disease progression, we performed immunofluorescence analysis to evaluate the expression of TIM23 and TOM20 (markers of mitochondria function) in islets isolated from nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice at various time points (7, 9, 11, and 13 weeks of age, Fig. 7A).