STAR and neoplasm: By concatenating modules that drive the nuclear factor (NF)-κB signal, namely MyD88 and CD40, to the C-terminus of the STAR β chain, a novel co-stimulation model is established, which gives rise to a variant of Co-STAR-T cells that not only exhibit enhanced sensitivity to antigens but also possess an improved ability to home to tumors over an extended period of time, thereby delivering superior anti-tumor efficacy, and paving the way for a new approach in T cell therapy specifically tailored for tumors characterized by an extremely low antigen density [115].