Furthermore, bispecific T cell engagers targeting glypican-3 (GPC3), prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) and claudin (CLDN) 18.2 are respectively undergoing phase I clinical trials in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (NCT05450562), metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) (NCT04740034) and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and gastric and esophageal malignancies (NCT05164458, NCT05164458). Here, GPC3 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.