Research indicates that Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) activates the autophagy pathway in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells via the TLR4 and related (TLR4/Keap1/NRF2, TLR4/NF-κB/S100A9, TLR4/ROS, NOD1/2, TLR4/P-PAK1) signaling pathways [58–61]. Here, TLR4 is linked to colorectal carcinoma.