Among the ten most significant genes with abnormal expression in leishmaniasis, five genes were up-regulated [GBP5 (P = 3.79E−08), IDO1 (P = 2.21E−07), CXCL9 (P = 3.03E−07), CXCL10 (P = 4.03E−07), GZMB (P = 5.24E-07)], and five genes were down-regulated [FABP7 (P = 1.05E–05), DAPL1 (P = 1.25E−05), PIP (P = 1.62E−05), C5orf46 (P = 2.61E–05), PSAPL1 (P = 3.55E−05)]. The gene discussed is IDO1; the disease is leishmaniasis.