TC-1 tumor cells were injected and allowed to grow to a mean volume of 111.5 mm3 before intranasal immunization with rAd5-16/E6E7Wt with or without anti-PD-1 and compared to immunization with rAd5-empty on day 13 post TC-1 injection (Figure 3A). Here, PDCD1 is linked to neoplasm.