Increased levels of various cytokines and chemokines such as interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interleukin-10 (IL-10), macrophage inflammatory protein-1 beta (MIP-1β), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin-8 (IL-8), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), IFN-γ inducible protein 10 (IP-10), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) have been associated with the progression to severe dengue [85]. Here, TNF is linked to dengue disease.