PRKAA2 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: The activation of AMPK through agents such as metformin, R-17, BC-1618, MK-3903, DNP-60502, A-769662, and Ampkinone has been shown to alleviate obesity, improve glucose tolerance, and mitigate IR by suppressing adipogenesis, reducing inflammation, and promoting lipolysis, mitochondrial biogenesis, thermogenesis, autophagy, and fatty acid oxidation [3,24,25,26,27,28,29,30].