Importantly, the transcription nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a key protein in the regulation of the antioxidant response, and several signalling pathways involved in the cellular response to the insult, such as sirtuin-1 (SIRT-1) and apoptosis-related proteins (caspases, Bcl-2 family proteins) are also dysregulated in diabetes [3,5]. This evidence concerns the gene SIRT1 and diabetes mellitus.