Populations under mood disorders present increased Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in peripheral monocytes and lymphocytes, higher activation of intracellular innate sensor NLRP3 (nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich–containing family, pyrin domain–containing-3) inflammasome and caspase-1 in blood cells, which correlate with increased serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-8, TNF-α, IL-6 [4]. The gene discussed is CASP1; the disease is mood disorder.