MMP9 and cancer: In addition, consistent with the results of cellular biological behaviors, the expression level of metastasis-associated genes, including Snail, ZEB1, Twist1, β-Catenin, MMP9, MMP13, HIF1A, FOXC2, Zo-1, and FN1, was significantly downregulated whereas the epithelial marker CDH1 was upregulated in EGCG-treated 3D cancer cells (Figure 7C).