In the mice treated with free SR-717 or anti-PD-L1, p-TBK1 and p-IRF3 were slightly upregulated, while the SH-NPs significantly elevated their expressions with 1.7-fold and 1.8-fold increases as compared to that of the free SR-717 groups (Figure 4a), which was ascribed to their enhanced tumor targeting and cellular uptake. Here, IRF3 is linked to neoplasm.