A plethora of signaling molecules (cytokines such as TGF-ß, TNF-α, IFN- ß, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, GM-CSF, CSF-3, VEGF, and miRNA-containing exosomes) mediate the cross-talk between tumor cells, immune cells, and the surrounding stroma, hence sustaining the chronic (smoldering) inflammation, and mediating the proliferation and malignant transformation of the tumor [80,81,85,86,87]. Here, CSF3 is linked to neoplasm.