TNF and neoplasm: Furthermore, they observed enhanced tumor infiltration of CD8+ T cells, and TNF-α and IFN-γ secretion in mice treated with hydrogel-incorporated D-PPA-1 and Dox compared to mice treated with hydrogels loaded with either D-PPA-1 or Dox alone, owing to the combinatory therapeutic effects of Dox and PD-L1 blockade [130].