CALR and neoplasm: In general, tumor cells induced by apoptosis can release DAMPs in the following order: (i) pre-apoptotic exposure of intracellular calreticulin to the cell membrane surface (ecto-CRT), (ii) early-apoptotic secretion of ATP, and (iii) post-apoptotic release of high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) [35].