CALCA and neoplasm: Figure 6 exhibits that the tumor cells pretreated with saline show positive expression of HIF-1α. When treatment with the KC, a less negative expression of HIF-1α than that of control is observed due to its nature of hypoxia-inducing HIF-1α expression inside the tumor. As expected, free PP or MIX-treated tumor cells have downregulated the in vivo HIF-1α expression inside the tumor, which resulted from the high 1O2 generation by excitation of PP with laser irradiation.