TNF and neoplasm: In addition to hepatocellular carcinoma, it has been confirmed that Lilium polysaccharide can significantly inhibit the growth of subcutaneously implanted tumors of Lewis lung cancer, increase the phagocytosis of macrophages and the proliferation of splenocytes, and increase the contents of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-12 in serum of mice, which are related to the anti-tumor effect [46].