Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the expression of TGFβ1, Smad2, pSmad3, and CNPase in sinus epithelial tissues obtained from patients with CRSsNP, CRSwNP, or non-inflammatory controls, and to evaluate their mutual co-expression. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.