Patients with achalasia exhibited increased concentrations of eleven cytokines and chemokines, namely TGF-ß1, TGF-ß2, TGF-ß3, IL-1ra, IL-17, IL-18, IFN-γ, MIG, PDGF-BB, IP-10 and SCGF-B. This evidence concerns the gene IL18 and Achalasia.