KRAS and cancer: Examples of mutation- and gene alteration-based well-established cancer biomarkers are the kirsten rat sarcoma virus (KRAS) and B raf proto oncogene (BRAF) mutations, both confirmed prognosis biomarkers for anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) monoclonal antibody therapy response for metastatic colorectal cancer [12], and breast cancer 1/2 (BRCA1/BRCA2) mutations which increase cancer risk in breast/ovarian cancer, and guide therapy selection [13].