CCN1 and Achalasia: In another study, quantitative transcriptome and cluster analysis revealed 111 differentially expressed genes in total RNA extracted from esophageal biopsies of achalasia patients and controls, identifying a down-regulation of the genes cysteine rich angiogenic inducer 61 (CYR61), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), c-kit, dual specificity phosphatase 5 (DUSP5), early growth response 1 (EGR1) and up-regulation of a-kinase anchoring protein 6 (AKAP6) and inositol polyphosphate-4-phosphatase (INPP4B) in patients.