Interestingly, among the most down-regulated genes, the chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 17 (CXCL17) and the immunoglobulin heavy constant alpha 1 and 2 (IGHA1-2) genes, play an important role in the innate defense against infections, supporting the hypothesis of process in triggering achalasia [[46], Table 2, Figure 1]. The gene discussed is CXCL17; the disease is infection.