Although pro-inflammatory cytokine levels were markedly elevated at 6 h (the initiation phase of LPS-induced ALI), the protein levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in RAMP1−/− mice remained high at 72 h (the injury phase), indicating that neutrophil accumulation was accompanied by increased inflammatory cytokine levels (Figure 2). This evidence concerns the gene IL6 and acute respiratory distress syndrome.