Various RAN-binding proteins have also been implicated in influenza infection in humans: RANBP3 (RAN-binding protein 3) is involved in viral RNP nuclear export [42]; RANBP6 (RAN-binding protein 6) binds to the PA polymerase [22], and siRNA knockdown of RANBP9 (RAN-binding protein 9) decreases viral replication [43]. Here, RANBP9 is linked to influenza.