However, owing to the complexity of NF-κB signaling [49,50], a clinical study revealed that PTX indirectly inhibited the activity of downstream NF-κB signaling by suppressing phosphodiesterase activity and activating protein kinase A/cAMP response element binding protein, reducing the progression of proteinuria in DKD [26,51]. Here, NFKB1 is linked to diabetic kidney disease.