Meanwhile, the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway regulates the imbalance between autophagy and apoptosis, and this balancing act also impacts PD, HD, frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and ALS [214,404,405]. The gene discussed is MTOR; the disease is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.