In a previous study by our research group, a significant effect was obtained on the inflammatory markers IL-6, CRP, and TNF-α in r HD patients that consumed an ALA-rich seed mixture (3 g) for 12 weeks [53].The estimated ALA intake in the present study was very low, but even these very low dietary amounts have impact on CRP levels in CKD patients (comparison of tertiles of ALA intake and correlation between ALA intake and CRP levels). This evidence concerns the gene TNF and chronic kidney disease.