VEGFA and cholangiocarcinoma: In addition to suppressing cholangiocarcinoma cell proliferation, migration, and invasion [231], menin also suppresses the expression of pro-angiogenic factors such as VEGFA/C, VEGFR2/3, angiopoietins-1/2, and angiopoietin receptors TIE1/2 in a cholangiocarcinoma cell line and tumor xenograft model [231].