AHR and cancer: The ligand-activated AHR is reported to either inhibit or induce specific signalling pathways, thereby influencing cancer cell functions [19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26], making it a potential target for cancer-specific therapies as it was evaluated in breast cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, and melanoma; however, a comprehensive understanding of these contrasting functions is still to be explained.