ADIPOQ and Insulin resistance: Ramirez et al. [51], in a cohort of obese pregnant women of 24–28 weeks of pregnancy with the same pre-pregnancy BMI, found that obese women with GDM had significantly lower adiponectin values compared with obese pregnant women without GDM, suggesting that lower adiponectin values at mid-gestation (in particular high-molecular-weight) together with lower serum values of insulin-like growth factor I binding protein (IGFBP-1) were associated with greater insulin resistance and the development of GDM in these obese pregnant women.