TNF and inflammation: In 2020, Kunchock et al. evaluated a lot of 212 patients with autoimmune diseases divided in two groups according to the presence/absence of CNS inflammation; the study reported that the administration of TNF-α inhibitors was clearly associated with higher risk of both demyelinating or non-demyelinating events, in particular in patients diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis, but could not conclude whether this association occurred separately or represented an exacerbated inflammation process [152].