Brain atrophy, the extracellular deposition of senile plaques made of insoluble Aβ peptide, and the intracellular formation of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) formed by hyperphosphorylated twisted filaments of the microtubule-associated protein tau are the major pathological hallmarks of AD [120,121]. The gene discussed is MAPT; the disease is Brain atrophy.