TP53 and Alzheimer disease: As melatonin has potential in alleviating and preventing the progression of AD [20,32] with its noteworthy role in stemness induction and improving reprogramming efficiency, as evidenced in mouse models, which probably involves the inhibition of the p53-mediated apoptotic pathway [33], we further investigated the expression of these transcription factors in response to melatonin treatment to identify the key elements, i.e., the possible capability of melatonin to enhance fibroblast reprogramming and an alternate pathway melatonin may utilize to prevent Aβ production and enhance neurogenesis.