GCLC and melanoma: Consistent with previous research, the pre-exposure of B16F10 mouse melanoma cells to caffeic acid prior to UV radiation influenced the NRF2 levels, resulting in increased expression of NRF2 and targeted antioxidants, such as glutathione S-transferase (GST) and glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC), thereby diminishing photo-induced melanin synthesis [35].