In hemodynamic models of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), the activities of MMP2 and MMP9, along with TIMP1 protein levels, were increased, while metabolic models did not show changes in the mRNA expression of MMP2, -8, -9, -11, -14, and -15, or TIMP-1, -2, and -3 [127,131]. Here, TIMP1 is linked to heart failure.