VWF and endothelial dysfunction: Frailty has been associated with endothelial dysfunction, as evidenced by the following serum markers: intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), endothelin 1 (ET-1), von Willebrand factor (vWF), plasma thrombomodulin, and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) [48,49,50,51,52].