A study on HCC immunotherapy reported that a mixture of four cytokines (IL-4, IFNγ, CD40L, and GM-CSF) co-cultured with immature DCs isolated from the spleen enhanced the antigen-presenting ability of DCs and increased the expression of maturation markers, indicating the powerful effect of these cytokines in activating DCs [34]. The gene discussed is CSF2; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.