Table 2 lists widely used animal models and dietary manipulation strategies that await future investigations. Table 2 also lists some of the widely used CKD models such as those induced by adenine [57] and folic acid [58]. Mechanistically, future studies should also explore PS effects on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the crosstalk between ER and mitochondria [59,60]. Mitochondrial Sirt3 function and NAD+-dependent redox signaling and redox imbalance [61,62] upon PS exposure in diabetic kidneys also remain to be studied. Here, SIRT3 is linked to chronic kidney disease.