GDF15 and diabetes mellitus: In the case of GDF-15, patients with levels above 1213.9 ng/mL were older on average (58.5 years vs. 52.5 years, p < 0.01), had a higher incidence of diabetes (25.4% vs. 6.2%, p < 0.01), and a higher BMI (28.7 kg/m2 vs. 26.7 kg/m2, p = 0.04).