TNF and eosinophilic esophagitis: Given early discoveries pointing out a potential upregulation of Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNFα) in EoE [52], Straumann and colleagues designed an open-label 4-week prospective trial on infliximab (a chimeric IgG1 mAb), not evidencing an improvement in histological or clinical parameters in the first three enrolled patients [119].