CD44 and neoplasm: The study showed impaired tumor growth, increased tumor apoptosis, reduced levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, C-reactive protein, and IL-6), reduced factors associated with inflammation (cyclooxygenase-2 protein and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) mRNA), increased inhibition of NF-κB kinase mRNA, and downregulation of metastasis-related factors (transforming growth factor-β, CD44, epidermal growth factor receptor, and vascular endothelial growth factor) after cyanidin-3-O-glucoside treatment.