The mRNA levels of Nrf2 were not significantly different among the livers of different groups of rats (Figure 2B); the mRNA levels of keap1 were significantly increased but the cytoplasmic levels and nuclear activities of Nrf2 were significantly decreased in the livers of the T2DM rats, as compared to the control or control + T2DM rats (Figure 2A,C,D). This evidence concerns the gene KEAP1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.