HSPA1A and infection: By contrast, Sulfodyne® treatment during infection led to a significant induction of ARE-containing cytoprotective genes, coding for key components in antioxidant systems (Glutathione- and thioredoxin-based systems; heme and iron metabolism), drug detoxification (NQO1; UDP-glucuronosyltransferase UGT), chaperones involved in protein folding (HSP90AA1, HSPA1A) and components of proteasome (PSMD3, PSMD4) (Figure 3A).