TNF and colitis: While a TNF-α-induced surge in CSE activity in such a short timeframe has never been reported in any cell type, and most of the related literature focuses on the effects and mechanism of upregulated CSE transcription by TNF-α signaling [58], our data are more in line with studies by Wallace and his colleagues [36], who concluded that the great increase in the capacity of H2S production in rats with colitis was due to an increase in enzymatic activity rather than protein expression.