PARP1 and breast cancer: In breast cancer, lycopene treatment causes a significant increase in the apoptotic rate in MCF-7 (ER/PR positive), SK-BR-3 (HER2 positive) and MDA-MB-468 (triple-negative) breast cancer cell lines, accompanied by the cleavage of poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) [81,116,117].