Fucoxanthin also induces G1 phase arrest in HepG2 (liver cancer) and DU145 (prostate cancer) cell lines by the induction of the expression of GADD45α, GADD153 and proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase Pim-1 (PIM1) [101]. The gene discussed is PIM1; the disease is prostate cancer.