Importantly, this restraint of leukemia cell growth is associated with the involvement of PPARγ (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma) and Keap1-Nrf2/EpRE/ARE (kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1-nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/electrophile responsive element/antioxidant responsive element) signalling pathways. The gene discussed is NFE2L2; the disease is leukemia.