Fucoxanthin also induces G1 phase arrest in HepG2 (liver cancer) and DU145 (prostate cancer) cell lines by the induction of the expression of GADD45α, GADD153 and proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase Pim-1 (PIM1) [101]. This evidence concerns the gene PIM1 and Familial prostate cancer.