BAX and breast cancer: In the case of breast cancer, lutein exhibits apoptosis induction in various human breast cancer cell lines (BT474, CRL-3247, MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-453, MDA-MB-468, HTB-26, HTB-131) by increasing intracellular ROS levels, p53 signalling activation and up-regulation of cellular heat shock protein 60 (HSP60), which leads to a decrease in Bcl-2 expression and a concurrent increase in Bax protein expression [87].