CDK4 and cancer: Concerning family history, familial melanoma accounts for about 10% of all diagnosed cases of cancer; in particular, the predisposition for hereditary melanoma has been ascribed to a mutation in one of the defined high-penetrance predisposition genes (viz., cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A), cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4), BRCA1-associated Protein 1 (BAP1), Protection of Telomeres 1 (POT1), adrenocortical dysplasia (ACD), telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), and telomeric repeat-binding factor-2 interacting protein (TERF2IP)) [93].